ట్రైకోమోనాస్: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు
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Rajasekhar1961 (చర్చ | రచనలు) దిద్దుబాటు సారాంశం లేదు |
Rajasekhar1961 (చర్చ | రచనలు) |
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పంక్తి 17:
'''ట్రైకోమోనాస్ వజినాలిస్''' ('''''Trichomonas vaginalis'''''), [[ప్రోటోజోవా]] కు చెందిన ఒక [[పరాన్న జీవి]]. దీని వలన వచ్చే వ్యాధిని ట్రైకోమోనియాసిస్ (Trichomoniasis) అంటారు. ఇది అభివృద్ధి చెందిన దేశాలలో సంభవించే ప్రోటోజోవా వ్యాధి.<ref name=Soper_2004>{{cite journal |author=Soper D |title=Trichomoniasis: under control or undercontrolled? |journal=American journal of obstetrics and gynecology |volume=190 |issue=1 |pages=281–90 |year=2004 |month=January |pmid=14749674 |doi=10.1016/j.ajog.2003.08.023 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002937803010652}}</ref> [[ప్రపంచ ఆరోగ్య సంస్థ]] (WHO) అంచనాల ప్రకారం ప్రపంచవ్యాప్తంగా ప్రతి సంవత్సరం 180 మిలియన్ ప్రజలు దీని బారిన పడుతున్నారు. ఒక్క [[దక్షిణ అమెరికా]] లోనే సుమారు 5 నుండి 8 మిలియన్ కొత్త కేసులు గుర్తిస్తున్నారు; అందులో సగం మందికి ఏ విధమైన వ్యాధి లక్షణాలు లేవు.<ref name=Hook_1999>{{cite journal |author=Hook EW |title=Trichomonas vaginalis--no longer a minor STD |journal=Sexually transmitted diseases |volume=26 |issue=7 |pages=388–9 |year=1999 |month=August |pmid=10458631 |doi= |url=http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?issn=0148-5717&volume=26&issue=7&spage=388}}</ref>
==ట్రైకోమోనియాసిస్==
[[Image:Pap test trichomonas.JPG|thumb|right|Pap smear, showing infestation by ''Trichomonas vaginalis''. Papanicolau stain, 400x.]]
[[Trichomoniasis]] is a sexually transmitted disease which can occur in females (males rarely exhibit symptoms of a ''T. vaginalis'' infection) if the normal acidity of the vagina is shifted from a healthy, semi-acidic [[pH]] (3.8 - 4.2) to a much more basic one (5 - 6) that is conducive to ''T. vaginalis'' growth. Some of the symptoms of T. vaginalis include: [[Premature birth|preterm delivery]], low birth weight, and increased mortality as well as predisposing to [[HIV]] infection, [[AIDS]], and [[cervical cancer]].<ref name=Schwebke_2004>{{cite journal |author=Schwebke JR, Burgess D |title=Trichomoniasis |journal=Clinical microbiology reviews |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=794–803, table of contents |year=2004 |month=October |pmid=15489349 |pmc=523559 |doi=10.1128/CMR.17.4.794-803.2004 |url=http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=15489349}}</ref> ''T. vaginalis'' has also been reported in the [[Urinary system|urinary tract]], [[fallopian tube]]s, and pelvis and can cause [[pneumonia]], [[bronchitis]], and oral lesions. Other symptoms include inflammation with increasing number of organisms, greenish-yellow frothy vaginal secretions and itching. [[Condom]]s are effective at preventing infection.
Classically, with a pap smear, infected individuals have a transparent "halo" around their superficial cell nucleus. It is also rarely detected by studying discharge or with a [[pap smear]] because of their low [[sensitivity (tests)|sensitivity]]. ''T. vaginalis'' was traditionally diagnosed via a wet mount, in which "corkscrew" motility was observed. Currently, the most common method of diagnosis is via overnight culture,<ref name=Ohlermeyer_1998>{{cite journal |author=Ohlemeyer CL, Hornberger LL, Lynch DA, Swierkosz EM |title=Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis in adolescent females: InPouch TV culture versus wet-mount microscopy |journal=The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=205–8 |year=1998 |month=March |pmid=9502007 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1054139X97002140}}</ref><ref name=Sood_2007>{{cite journal |author=Sood S, et al |title=InPouch TV culture for detection of Trichomonas vaginalis. |journal=Indian J Med Res |volume=125 |pages=567-571 |pmid=17598943 |year=2007}}</ref> with a sensitivity range of 75-95%.<ref name=pmid17578778>{{cite journal | title=Rapid antigen testing compares favorably with transcription-mediated amplification assay for the detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in young women. | author = Huppert JS | coauthors = Mortensen JE, Reed JL, Kahn JA, Rich KD, Miller WC, Hobbs M | journal = Clinical Infectious Diseases | date = July 15 2007 | volume = 45 | issue = 2 | pages = 194-198 | pmid = 17578778 | doi = 10.1086/518851 | url = http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/518851}}</ref> Newer methods, such as [[rapid antigen test]]ing and [[transcription-mediated amplification]], have even greater sensitivity, but are not in widespread use.<ref name=pmid17578778/> The presence of ''T. vaginalis'' can also be diagnosed by [[polymerase chain reaction|PCR]], using the primers L23861 Fw and Rev.<ref name=Schirm_2007>{{cite journal |author=Schirm J, Bos PA, Roozeboom-Roelfsema IK, Luijt DS, Möller LV |title=Trichomonas vaginalis detection using real-time TaqMan PCR |journal=Journal of microbiological methods |volume=68 |issue=2 |pages=243–7 |year=2007 |month=February |pmid=17005275 |doi=10.1016/j.mimet.2006.08.002 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0167-7012(06)00246-6}}</ref>
Infection is treated and cured with [[metronidazole]] or [[tinidazole]], and should be prescribed to any [[sexual partner]](s) as well because they may potentially be [[asymptomatic carrier]]s.<ref name=Cudmore_2004>{{cite journal |author=Cudmore SL, Delgaty KL, Hayward-McClelland SF, Petrin DP, Garber GE |title=Treatment of infections caused by metronidazole-resistant Trichomonas vaginalis |journal=Clinical microbiology reviews |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=783–93, table of contents |year=2004 |month=October |pmid=15489348 |pmc=523556 |doi=10.1128/CMR.17.4.783-793.2004 |url=http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=15489348}}</ref>
==మూలాలు==
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