మూస:కాల్షియమ్ మూలకము

కాల్షియం, ₀₀Ca

కాల్షియం
Appearance	dull gray, silver
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Ca)
	40.078±0.004 40.078±0.004 (abridged)
కాల్షియం in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Ununtrium Flerovium Ununpentium Livermorium Ununseptium Ununoctium Mg ↑ Ca ↓ Sr పొటాషియం ← కాల్షియం → స్కాండియం
Group	మూస:Infobox element/symbol-to-group/format
Period	period 4
Block	s-block
Electron configuration	[Ar] 4s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 8, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	1115 K ​(842 °C, ​1548 °F)
Boiling point	1757 K ​(1484 °C, ​2703 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	1.55 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	1.378 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	8.54 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	154.7 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.929 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 864 956 1071 1227 1443 1755
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	+1, +2 (a strongly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.00
Ionization energies	(more)
Atomic radius	empirical: 197 pm
Covalent radius	176±10 pm
Van der Waals radius	231 pm
Spectral lines of కాల్షియం
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	​face-centered cubic (fcc)
Speed of sound thin rod	3810 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	22.3 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	201 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	33.6 n Ω⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Young's modulus	20 GPa
Shear modulus	7.4 GPa
Bulk modulus	17 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.31
Mohs hardness	1.75
Brinell hardness	167 MPa
CAS Number	7440-70-2
History
Discovery	Humphry Davy (1808)
First isolation	Humphry Davy (1808)
Isotopes of కాల్షియం

References

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