మూస:Infobox indium

ఇండియం, ₀₀In
ఇండియం
Pronunciation	/ˈɪndiəm/ (IN-dee-əm)
Appearance	silvery lustrous gray
Standard atomic weight Ar°(In)
	114.818±0.001; 114.82±0.01 (abridged);
ఇండియం in the periodic table
	కాడ్మియం ← ఇండియం → తగరము
Group	మూస:Infobox element/symbol-to-group/format
Period	period 5
Block	p-block
Electron configuration	[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 18, 3
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	429.7485 K (156.5985 °C, 313.8773 °F)
Boiling point	2345 K (2072 °C, 3762 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	7.31 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	7.02 g/cm3
Triple point	429.7445 K, ~1 kPa
Heat of fusion	3.281 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	231.8 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	26.74 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−5, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3 (an amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.78
Atomic radius	empirical: 167 pm
Covalent radius	142±5 pm
Van der Waals radius	193 pm
	Spectral lines of ఇండియం
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	tetragonal
Speed of sound thin rod	1215 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	32.1 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	81.8 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	83.7 n Ω⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Young's modulus	11 GPa
Mohs hardness	1.2
Brinell hardness	8.83 MPa
CAS Number	7440-74-6
History
Discovery	Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter (1863)
First isolation	Hieronymous Theodor Richter (1867)
Isotopes of ఇండియం v; e;
	Template:infobox ఇండియం isotopes does not exist
	Category: ఇండియం; view; talk; edit; \| references

References

↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Indium". CIAAW. 2011.
↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ఇంగ్లీష్). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
↑ Mangum, B W (1989). "Determination of the Indium Freezing-point and Triple-point Temperatures". Metrologia. 26 (4): 211. Bibcode:1989Metro..26..211M. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/26/4/001.
↑ Unstable In(0) carbonyls and clusters have been detected, see [1], p. 6.
↑ Guloy, A. M.; Corbett, J. D. (1996). "Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding of Two Lanthanum Indium Germanides with Novel Structures and Properties". Inorganic Chemistry. 35 (9): 2616–22. doi:10.1021/ic951378e. PMID 11666477.
↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[1] "Standard Atomic Weights: Indium". CIAAW. 2011.

[CIAAW2021-2] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ఇంగ్లీష్). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[3] Mangum, B W (1989). "Determination of the Indium Freezing-point and Triple-point Temperatures". Metrologia. 26 (4): 211. Bibcode:1989Metro..26..211M. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/26/4/001.

[4] Unstable In(0) carbonyls and clusters have been detected, see [1], p. 6.

[5] Guloy, A. M.; Corbett, J. D. (1996). "Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding of Two Lanthanum Indium Germanides with Novel Structures and Properties". Inorganic Chemistry. 35 (9): 2616–22. doi:10.1021/ic951378e. PMID 11666477.

[6] Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

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