మూస:Infobox ruthenium

రుథేనియం, ₀₀Ru

రుథేనియం
Pronunciation	/ruːˈθiːniəm/ ​(roo-THEE-nee-əm)
Appearance	silvery white metallic
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Ru)
	101.07±0.02 101.07±0.02 (abridged)
రుథేనియం in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Ununtrium Flerovium Ununpentium Livermorium Ununseptium Ununoctium Fe ↑ Ru ↓ Os టెక్నీషియం ← రుథేనియం → రోడియం
Group	మూస:Infobox element/symbol-to-group/format
Period	period 5
Block	d-block
Electron configuration	[Kr] 4d7 5s1
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 15, 1
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	2607 K ​(2334 °C, ​4233 °F)
Boiling point	4423 K ​(4150 °C, ​7502 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	12.45 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	10.65 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	38.59 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	591.6 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	24.06 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 2588 2811 3087 3424 3845 4388
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−4, −2, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8 (a mildly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.2
Atomic radius	empirical: 134 pm
Covalent radius	146±7 pm
Spectral lines of రుథేనియం
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	​hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Speed of sound thin rod	5970 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	6.4 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	117 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	71 n Ω⋅m (at 0 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	447 GPa
Shear modulus	173 GPa
Bulk modulus	220 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.30
Mohs hardness	6.5
Brinell hardness	2160 MPa
CAS Number	7440-18-8
History
Discovery	Jędrzej Śniadecki (1807)
First isolation	Jędrzej Śniadecki (1807)
Recognized as a distinct element by	Karl Ernst Claus (1844)
Isotopes of రుథేనియం

References

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