మూస:Infobox tin

తగరము, ₀₀Sn
తగరము
Allotropes	silvery-white, β (beta); gray, α (alpha)
Appearance	silvery (left, beta) or gray (right, alpha)
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Sn)
	118.710±0.007; 118.71±0.01 (abridged);
తగరము in the periodic table
	ఇండియం ← తగరము → ఆంటిమొని
Group	మూస:Infobox element/symbol-to-group/format
Period	period 5
Block	p-block
Electron configuration	[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 18, 4
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	505.08 K (231.93 °C, 449.47 °F)
Boiling point	2875 K (2602 °C, 4716 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	(తెలుపు) 7.365 g/cm3 ; (gray) 5.769 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	6.99 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	(తెలుపు) 7.03 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	(తెలుపు) 296.1 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	(తెలుపు) 27.112 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.96
Atomic radius	empirical: 140 pm
Covalent radius	139±4 pm
Van der Waals radius	217 pm
	Spectral lines of తగరము
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	tetragonal ; తెలుపు
Speed of sound thin rod	(rolled); 2730 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion	22.0 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	66.8 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	115 n Ω⋅m (at 0 °C)
Magnetic ordering	(gray) diamagnetic, (తెలుపు) paramagnetic
Young's modulus	50 GPa
Shear modulus	18 GPa
Bulk modulus	58 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.36
Mohs hardness	1.5
Brinell hardness	~350 MPa
CAS Number	7440-31-5
History
Discovery	around 3500 BC
Symbol	"Sn": from Latin stannum
Isotopes of తగరము v; e;
	Template:infobox తగరము isotopes does not exist
	Category: తగరము; view; talk; edit; \| references

References

↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Tin". CIAAW. 1983.
↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ఇంగ్లీష్). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
↑ "New Type of Zero-Valent Tin Compound". Chemistry Europe. 27 August 2016.
↑ "HSn". NIST Chemistry WebBook. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
↑ "SnH3". NIST Chemistry WebBook. National Institure of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
↑ "SnH3". NIST Chemistry WebBook. National Institure of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
↑ "HSn". NIST Chemistry WebBook. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 23 January 2013.

[1] "Standard Atomic Weights: Tin". CIAAW. 1983.

[CIAAW2021-2] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ఇంగ్లీష్). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[ZeroValentTin3-3] "New Type of Zero-Valent Tin Compound". Chemistry Europe. 27 August 2016.

[4] "HSn". NIST Chemistry WebBook. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 23 January 2013.

[5] "SnH3". NIST Chemistry WebBook. National Institure of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 23 January 2013.

[6] Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[7] "SnH3". NIST Chemistry WebBook. National Institure of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 23 January 2013.

[8] "HSn". NIST Chemistry WebBook. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 23 January 2013.

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