యిట్రియం

యిట్రియం, ₀₀Y
యిట్రియం
Pronunciation	/ˈɪtriəm/ (IT-ree-əm)
Appearance	silvery white
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Y)
	88.905838±0.000002; 88.906±0.001 (abridged);
యిట్రియం in the periodic table
	స్ట్రాన్షియం ← యిట్రియం → జిర్కోనియం
Group	మూస:Infobox element/symbol-to-group/format
Period	period 5
Block	d-block
Electron configuration	[Kr] 4d1 5s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 9, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	1799 K (1526 °C, 2779 °F)
Boiling point	3609 K (3336 °C, 6037 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	4.472 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	4.24 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	11.42 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	365 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	26.53 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	0, +1, +2, +3 (a weakly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.22
Atomic radius	empirical: 180 pm
Covalent radius	190±7 pm
	Spectral lines of యిట్రియం
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Speed of sound thin rod	3300 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	(r.t.) (α, poly); 10.6 µm/(m⋅K)
Thermal conductivity	17.2 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	(r.t.) (α, poly) 596 n Ω⋅m
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	63.5 GPa
Shear modulus	25.6 GPa
Bulk modulus	41.2 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.243
Brinell hardness	589 MPa
CAS Number	7440-65-5
History
Discovery	Johan Gadolin (1794)
First isolation	Carl Gustav Mosander (1840)
Isotopes of యిట్రియం v; e;
	Template:infobox యిట్రియం isotopes does not exist
	Category: యిట్రియం; view; talk; edit; \| references

↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Yttrium". CIAAW. 2021.
↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ఇంగ్లీష్). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
↑ Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.
↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.

[1] "Standard Atomic Weights: Yttrium". CIAAW. 2021.

[CIAAW2021-2] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ఇంగ్లీష్). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[Cloke1993-3] Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.

[magnet-4] Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.

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