మూస:అల్యూమినియం మూలకము

అల్యూమినియం, ₀₀Al
అల్యూమినియం
Pronunciation	aluminium: /ˌæl(j)ʊˈmɪniəm/ ( listen); (AL-(y)uu-MIN-ee-əm); aluminum: /əˈluːmənəm/ ( listen); (ə-LOO-mə-nəm);
Appearance	silvery gray metallic
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Al)
	26.9815384±0.0000003; 26.982±0.001 (abridged);
అల్యూమినియం in the periodic table
	మెగ్నీషియం ← అల్యూమినియం → సిలికాన్
Group	మూస:Infobox element/symbol-to-group/format
Period	period 3
Block	p-block
Electron configuration	[Ne] 3s2 3p1
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 3
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	933.47 K (660.32 °C, 1220.58 °F)
Boiling point	2792 K (2519 °C, 4566 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	2.70 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	2.375 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	10.71 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	294.0 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	24.200 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3 (an amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.61
Ionization energies	(more);
Atomic radius	empirical: 143 pm
Covalent radius	121±4 pm
Van der Waals radius	184 pm
	Spectral lines of అల్యూమినియం
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	face-centered cubic (fcc)
Speed of sound thin rod	(rolled) 5,000 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion	23.1 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	237 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	28.2 n Ω⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	70 GPa
Shear modulus	26 GPa
Bulk modulus	76 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.35
Mohs hardness	2.75
Vickers hardness	167 MPa
Brinell hardness	245 MPa
CAS Number	7429-90-5
History
Prediction	Antoine Lavoisier (1787)
First isolation	Friedrich Wöhler (1827)
Named by	Humphry Davy (1807)
Isotopes of అల్యూమినియం v; e;
	Template:infobox అల్యూమినియం isotopes does not exist
	Category: అల్యూమినియం; view; talk; edit; \| references

References

↑ మూస:Cite OED3
↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Aluminium". CIAAW. 2017.
↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ఇంగ్లీష్). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
↑ Unstable carbonyl of Al(0) has been detected in reaction of Al₂(CH₃)₆ with carbon monoxide; see Sanchez, Ramiro; Arrington, Caleb; Arrington Jr., C. A. (December 1, 1989). "Reaction of trimethylaluminum with carbon monoxide in low-temperature matrixes". American Chemical Society. 111 (25): 9110-9111. doi:10.1021/ja00207a023. OSTI 6973516.
↑ Dohmeier, C.; Loos, D.; Schnöckel, H. (1996). "Aluminum(I) and Gallium(I) Compounds: Syntheses, Structures, and Reactions". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 35 (2): 129–149. doi:10.1002/anie.199601291.
↑ Tyte, D. C. (1964). "Red (B2Π–A2σ) Band System of Aluminium Monoxide". Nature. 202 (4930): 383. Bibcode:1964Natur.202..383T. doi:10.1038/202383a0. S2CID 4163250.
↑ Lide, D. R. (2000). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (81st ed.). CRC Press. ISBN 0849304814.
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 "Aluminum". Los Alamos National Laboratory. Retrieved 3 March 2013.
↑ Aluminium monoxide
↑ Aluminium iodide

[1] మూస:Cite OED3

[2] "Standard Atomic Weights: Aluminium". CIAAW. 2017.

[CIAAW2021-3] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ఇంగ్లీష్). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[4] Unstable carbonyl of Al(0) has been detected in reaction of Al₂(CH₃)₆ with carbon monoxide; see Sanchez, Ramiro; Arrington, Caleb; Arrington Jr., C. A. (December 1, 1989). "Reaction of trimethylaluminum with carbon monoxide in low-temperature matrixes". American Chemical Society. 111 (25): 9110-9111. doi:10.1021/ja00207a023. OSTI 6973516.

[5] Dohmeier, C.; Loos, D.; Schnöckel, H. (1996). "Aluminum(I) and Gallium(I) Compounds: Syntheses, Structures, and Reactions". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 35 (2): 129–149. doi:10.1002/anie.199601291.

[6] Tyte, D. C. (1964). "Red (B2Π–A2σ) Band System of Aluminium Monoxide". Nature. 202 (4930): 383. Bibcode:1964Natur.202..383T. doi:10.1038/202383a0. S2CID 4163250.

[7] Lide, D. R. (2000). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (81st ed.). CRC Press. ISBN 0849304814.

[losalamos-8] 8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 "Aluminum". Los Alamos National Laboratory. Retrieved 3 March 2013.

[9] Aluminium monoxide

[10] Aluminium iodide

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