మూస:అల్యూమినియం మూలకము

అల్యూమినియం, 00Al
అల్యూమినియం
Pronunciation
Appearancesilvery gray metallic
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Al)
అల్యూమినియం in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Ununtrium Flerovium Ununpentium Livermorium Ununseptium Ununoctium
B

Al

Ga
మెగ్నీషియంఅల్యూమినియంసిలికాన్
Groupమూస:Infobox element/symbol-to-group/format
Periodperiod 3
Block  p-block
Electron configuration[Ne] 3s2 3p1
Electrons per shell2, 8, 3
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point933.47 K ​(660.32 °C, ​1220.58 °F)
Boiling point2792 K ​(2519 °C, ​4566 °F)
Density (near r.t.)2.70 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)2.375 g/cm3
Heat of fusion10.71 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization294.0 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity24.200 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 1482 1632 1817 2054 2364 2790
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−2, −1, 0,[4] +1,[5] +2,[6] +3 (an amphoteric oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.61
Ionization energies
Atomic radiusempirical: 143 pm
Covalent radius121±4 pm
Van der Waals radius184 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of అల్యూమినియం
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structureface-centered cubic (fcc)
Face-centered cubic crystal structure for అల్యూమినియం
Speed of sound thin rod(rolled) 5,000 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion23.1 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity237 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity28.2 n Ω⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic[7]
Young's modulus70 GPa
Shear modulus26 GPa
Bulk modulus76 GPa
Poisson ratio0.35
Mohs hardness2.75
Vickers hardness167 MPa
Brinell hardness245 MPa
CAS Number7429-90-5
History
PredictionAntoine Lavoisier[8] (1787)
First isolationFriedrich Wöhler[8] (1827)
Named byHumphry Davy[8] (1807)
Isotopes of అల్యూమినియం
Template:infobox అల్యూమినియం isotopes does not exist
 Category: అల్యూమినియం
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References

  1. మూస:Cite OED3
  2. "Standard Atomic Weights: Aluminium". CIAAW. 2017.
  3. Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ఇంగ్లీష్). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
  4. Unstable carbonyl of Al(0) has been detected in reaction of Al2(CH3)6 with carbon monoxide; see Sanchez, Ramiro; Arrington, Caleb; Arrington Jr., C. A. (December 1, 1989). "Reaction of trimethylaluminum with carbon monoxide in low-temperature matrixes". American Chemical Society. 111 (25): 9110-9111. doi:10.1021/ja00207a023. OSTI 6973516.
  5. Dohmeier, C.; Loos, D.; Schnöckel, H. (1996). "Aluminum(I) and Gallium(I) Compounds: Syntheses, Structures, and Reactions". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 35 (2): 129–149. doi:10.1002/anie.199601291.
  6. Tyte, D. C. (1964). "Red (B2Π–A2σ) Band System of Aluminium Monoxide". Nature. 202 (4930): 383. Bibcode:1964Natur.202..383T. doi:10.1038/202383a0. S2CID 4163250.
  7. Lide, D. R. (2000). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (81st ed.). CRC Press. ISBN 0849304814.
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 "Aluminum". Los Alamos National Laboratory. Retrieved 3 March 2013.
  9. Aluminium monoxide
  10. Aluminium iodide