మూస:Infobox gold

బంగారం, ₀₀Au
బంగారం
Appearance	metallic yellow
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Au)
	196.966570±0.000004; 196.97±0.01 (abridged);
బంగారం in the periodic table
	ప్లాటినం ← బంగారం → పాదరసం
Group	మూస:Infobox element/symbol-to-group/format
Period	period 6
Block	d-block
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	1337.33 K (1064.18 °C, 1947.52 °F)
Boiling point	3129 K (2856 °C, 5173 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	19.30 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	17.31 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	12.55 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	324 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.418 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +5 (an amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.54
Atomic radius	empirical: 144 pm
Covalent radius	136±6 pm
Van der Waals radius	166 pm
	Spectral lines of బంగారం
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	face centered cubic face centered cubic
Speed of sound thin rod	2030 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion	14.2 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	318 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	22.14 n Ω⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Young's modulus	79 GPa
Shear modulus	27 GPa
Bulk modulus	180[ఆధారం చూపాలి] GPa
Poisson ratio	0.44
Mohs hardness	2.5
Vickers hardness	216 MPa
Brinell hardness	25 HB = ?? MPa
CAS Number	7440-57-5
History
Discovery	Middle Easterns (before 6000 BC)
Symbol	"Au": from Latin aurum
Isotopes of బంగారం v; e;
	Template:infobox బంగారం isotopes does not exist
	Category: బంగారం; view; talk; edit; \| references

References

↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Gold". CIAAW. 2017.
↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ఇంగ్లీష్). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
↑ Mézaille, Nicolas; Avarvari, Narcis; Maigrot, Nicole; Ricard, Louis; Mathey, François; Le Floch, Pascal; Cataldo, Laurent; Berclaz, Théo; Geoffroy, Michel (1999). "Gold(I) and Gold(0) Complexes of Phosphinine‐Based Macrocycles". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 38 (21): 3194–3197. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19991102)38:21<3194::AID-ANIE3194>3.0.CO;2-O. PMID 10556900.
↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[1] "Standard Atomic Weights: Gold". CIAAW. 2017.

[CIAAW2021-2] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ఇంగ్లీష్). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[3] Mézaille, Nicolas; Avarvari, Narcis; Maigrot, Nicole; Ricard, Louis; Mathey, François; Le Floch, Pascal; Cataldo, Laurent; Berclaz, Théo; Geoffroy, Michel (1999). "Gold(I) and Gold(0) Complexes of Phosphinine‐Based Macrocycles". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 38 (21): 3194–3197. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19991102)38:21<3194::AID-ANIE3194>3.0.CO;2-O. PMID 10556900.

[4] Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

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