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మూస:Infobox carbon/testcases

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    • H
    • He
    • Li
    • B
    • C
    • N
    • O
    • F
    • Al
    • P
    • Ti
    • Fe
    • Zn
    • Ge
    • Y
    • Nb
    • Tc
    • Ag
    • Xe
    • Cs
    • Lu
    • Ir
    • Au
    • Hg
    • Pb
    • Po
    • At
    • Fr
    • U
    • Pu
    • Bk
    • Cf
    • Rf
    • Cn
    • E117
    • E118
    • E119
    • E120
    • all up test
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Index to the element infobox templates
1
H 		2
He
3
Li 		4
Be 		5
B 		6
C 		7
N 		8
O 		9
F 		10
Ne
11
Na 		12
Mg 		13
Al 		14
Si 		15
P 		16
S 		17
Cl 		18
Ar
19
K 		20
Ca 		21
Sc 		22
Ti 		23
V 		24
Cr 		25
Mn 		26
Fe 		27
Co 		28
Ni 		29
Cu 		30
Zn 		31
Ga 		32
Ge 		33
As 		34
Se 		35
Br 		36
Kr
37
Rb 		38
Sr 		39
Y 		40
Zr 		41
Nb 		42
Mo 		43
Tc 		44
Ru 		45
Rh 		46
Pd 		47
Ag 		48
Cd 		49
In 		50
Sn 		51
Sb 		52
Te 		53
I 		54
Xe
55
Cs 		56
Ba 		* 72
Hf 		73
Ta 		74
W 		75
Re 		76
Os 		77
Ir 		78
Pt 		79
Au 		80
Hg 		81
Tl 		82
Pb 		83
Bi 		84
Po 		85
At 		86
Rn
87
Fr 		88
Ra 		** 104
Rf 		105
Db 		106
Sg 		107
Bh 		108
Hs 		109
Mt 		110
Ds 		111
Rg 		112
Cn 		113
Uut 		114
Fl 		115
Uup 		116
Lv 		117
Uus 		118
Uuo
119
Uue 		120
Ubn 		*** 156
Uph 		157
Ups 		158
Upo 		159
Upe 		160
Uhn 		161
Uhu 		162
Uhb 		163
Uht 		164
Uhq
165
Uhp 		166
Uhh 		  167
Uhs 		168
Uho 		169
Uhe 		170
Usn 		171
Usu 		172
Usb
*Lanthanides 57
La 		58
Ce 		59
Pr 		60
Nd 		61
Pm 		62
Sm 		63
Eu 		64
Gd 		65
Tb 		66
Dy 		67
Ho 		68
Er 		69
Tm 		70
Yb 		71
Lu
**Actinides 89
Ac 		90
Th 		91
Pa 		92
U 		93
Np 		94
Pu 		95
Am 		96
Cm 		97
Bk 		98
Cf 		99
Es 		100
Fm 		101
Md 		102
No 		103
Lr
***Superactinides 121
Ubu 		122
Ubb 		123
Ubt 		124
Ubq 		125
Ubp 		126
Ubh 		127
Ubs 		128
Ubo 		129
Ube 		... 151
Upu 		152
Upb 		153
Upt 		154
Upq 		155
Upp
{{Infobox element}} · Category:element infobox templates

Compare

మార్చు
కార్బన్, 00C
Graphite (left) and diamond (right), two allotropes of carbon
కార్బన్
Allotropesgraphite, diamond and more (see Allotropes of carbon)
Appearancediamond: clear
graphite: black
Standard atomic weight Ar°(C)
కార్బన్ in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Ununtrium Flerovium Ununpentium Livermorium Ununseptium Ununoctium
–
↑
C
↓
Si
బోరాన్ ← కార్బన్ → నైట్రోజన్
Groupమూస:Infobox element/symbol-to-group/format
Periodperiod 2
Block  p-block
Electron configuration[He] 2s2 2p2
Electrons per shell2, 4
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Sublimation point3915 K ​(3642 °C, ​6588 °F)
Density (near r.t.)amorphous: 1.8–2.1 g/cm3[3]
diamond: 3.515 g/cm3
graphite: 2.267 g/cm3
Triple point4600 K, ​10800 kPa[4][5]
Heat of fusiongraphite: 117 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacitydiamond: 6.155 J/(mol·K)
graphite: 8.517 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1,[6] +2, +3,[7] +4[8] (a mildly acidic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.55
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 1086.5 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 2352.6 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 4620.5 kJ/mol
  • (more)
Covalent radiussp3: 77 pm
sp2: 73 pm
sp: 69 pm
Van der Waals radius170 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of కార్బన్
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structurediamond: ​face-centered diamond-cubic
Diamond cubic crystal structure for diamond: కార్బన్

(clear)
Crystal structuregraphite ​simple hexagonal
Simple hexagonal crystal structure for graphite కార్బన్

(black)
Speed of sound thin roddiamond: 18350 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansiondiamond: 0.8 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)[9]
Thermal conductivitydiamond: 900-2300 W/(m⋅K)
graphite: 119-165 W/(m⋅K)
Magnetic orderingdiamagnetic[10]
Young's modulusdiamond: 1050 GPa[9]
Shear modulusdiamond: 478 GPa[9]
Bulk modulusdiamond: 442 GPa[9]
Poisson ratiodiamond: 0.1[9]
Mohs hardnessdiamond: 10
graphite: 1–2
CAS Number7440-44-0
History
Discoveryఈజిప్షియన్లు, సుమేరియన్లు[11] (3750 BCE)
Recognized as an element byAntoine Lavoisier[12] (1789)
Isotopes of కార్బన్
Template:infobox కార్బన్ isotopes does not exist
 Category: కార్బన్
| references
Carbon, 00C
Graphite (left) and diamond (right), two allotropes of carbon
Carbon
Allotropesgraphite, diamond and more (see Allotropes of carbon)
Appearancediamond: clear
graphite: black
Standard atomic weight Ar°(C)
Carbon in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Ununtrium Flerovium Ununpentium Livermorium Ununseptium Ununoctium
-
↑
C
↓
Si
boron ← carbon → nitrogen
Groupమూస:Infobox element/symbol-to-group/format
Periodperiod 2
Block  p-block
Electron configuration[He] 2s2 2p2
Electrons per shell2, 4
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Sublimation point3915 K ​(3642 °C, ​6588 °F)
Density (near r.t.)amorphous: 1.8–2.1 g/cm3[3]
diamond: 3.515 g/cm3
graphite: 2.267 g/cm3
Triple point4600 K, ​10800 kPa[4][5]
Heat of fusiongraphite: 117 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacitydiamond: 6.155 J/(mol·K)
graphite: 8.517 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1,[17] +2, +3,[18] +4[19] (a mildly acidic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.55
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 1086.5 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 2352.6 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 4620.5 kJ/mol
  • (more)
Covalent radiussp3: 77 pm
sp2: 73 pm
sp: 69 pm
Van der Waals radius170 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of carbon
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structurediamond: ​face-centered diamond-cubic
Diamond crystal structure for diamond: carbon

(clear)
Crystal structuregraphite ​simple hexagonal
Simple Hexagonal crystal structure for graphite carbon

(black)
Speed of sound thin roddiamond: 18350 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansiondiamond: 0.8 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)[9]
Thermal conductivitydiamond: 900-2300 W/(m⋅K)
graphite: 119-165 W/(m⋅K)
Magnetic orderingdiamagnetic[20]
Young's modulusdiamond: 1050 GPa[9]
Shear modulusdiamond: 478 GPa[9]
Bulk modulusdiamond: 442 GPa[9]
Poisson ratiodiamond: 0.1[9]
Mohs hardnessdiamond: 10
graphite: 1–2
CAS Number7440-44-0
History
DiscoveryEgyptians and Sumerians[21] (3750 BC)
Recognized as an element byAntoine Lavoisier[22] (1789)
Isotopes of carbon
Template:infobox carbon isotopes does not exist
 Category: Carbon
| references

References

These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
  1. ↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Carbon". CIAAW. 2009.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ఇంగ్లీష్). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Haaland, D (1976). "Graphite-liquid-vapor triple point pressure and the density of liquid carbon". Carbon. 14 (6): 357. doi:10.1016/0008-6223(76)90010-5.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Savvatimskiy, A (2005). "Measurements of the melting point of graphite and the properties of liquid carbon (a review for 1963–2003)". Carbon. 43 (6): 1115. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2004.12.027.
  6. ↑ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the Electronic Transition of the Jet-Cooled CCI Free Radical" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-12-06.
  7. ↑ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the System of CP" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-12-06.
  8. ↑ "Carbon: Binary compounds". Retrieved 2007-12-06.
  9. ↑ 9.00 9.01 9.02 9.03 9.04 9.05 9.06 9.07 9.08 9.09 Properties of diamond, Ioffe Institute Database
  10. ↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.
  11. ↑ "History of Carbon and Carbon Materials - Center for Applied Energy Research - University of Kentucky". Caer.uky.edu. Retrieved 2008-09-12.
  12. ↑ Senese, Fred (2000-09-09). "Who discovered carbon?". Frostburg State University. Retrieved 2007-11-24.
  13. ↑ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the System of CP" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-12-06.
  14. ↑ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the Electronic Transition of the Jet-Cooled CCI Free Radical" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-12-06.
  15. ↑ "Carbon: Binary compounds". Retrieved 2007-12-06.
  16. ↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Carbon". CIAAW. 2009.
  17. ↑ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the Electronic Transition of the Jet-Cooled CCI Free Radical" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-12-06.
  18. ↑ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the System of CP" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-12-06.
  19. ↑ "Carbon: Binary compounds". Retrieved 2007-12-06.
  20. ↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.
  21. ↑ "History of Carbon and Carbon Materials - Center for Applied Energy Research - University of Kentucky". Caer.uky.edu. Retrieved 2008-09-12.
  22. ↑ Senese, Fred (2000-09-09). "Who discovered carbon?". Frostburg State University. Retrieved 2007-11-24.
  23. ↑ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the System of CP" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-12-06.
  24. ↑ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the Electronic Transition of the Jet-Cooled CCI Free Radical" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-12-06.
  25. ↑ "Carbon: Binary compounds". Retrieved 2007-12-06.
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